The velocity of water obtained using the total cross-sectional area of the soil is known as discharge velocity or superficial velocity. Since water flows only through voids and not through the total cross-sectional area, the actual velocity of water is much higher than the discharge velocity and that is known...
• First 20-year road plan is known as the Nagpur road plan (1943-1963). • The second twenty-year road plan is known as the Bombay road plan (1961-1981). • The third road plan is known as the Lucknow road plan (1981-2001). A chief engineer conference was held at Nagpur in 1943...
A cavity wall or hollow wall consists of two separate walls called leaves or skins with a cavity or gap between them. The two leaves of a hollow wall may be of equal thickness if it is a non-load bearing wall, or the inner leaf may be thicker than the...
The stairs are classified as follows:- (i) Straight stairs (ii) Turning stairs (a) Quarter turn stairs (b) Half turn stairs (c) Three-quarter turn stairs (d) Bifurcated stair. (iii) Circular or helical or spiral stairs. (i) Straight stairs: In a straight staircase, all the steps lead in one direction. It is...
Causes of Dampness are: (i) Rising of Moisture from the Ground: The sub-soil or ground on which the building is constructed may be made of soil which easily give an access to water to create dampness in building through the foundation. This Moisture may rise up into the wall and...
Following are the major components:- 1) Step: It is the combination of tread and rise. 2) Rise: The vertical height between two treads is known as rise. 3) Tread: The horizontal upper portion of the step on which the foot is placed for ascending and descending is known as tread....
S.No. Brick Masonry Stone Masonry 1. They are of uniform shape and size. They are not of uniform shape and size 2. They are light in weight. They are heavy. 3. They do not require any dressing. They require dressing. 4. Bricks are easily available. Stones are not easily available....
The formwork is also known as temporary structure used in the construction work. The term ‘formwork’ refers to a temporary mould for the structure into which concrete is placed and formed so that it can harden and mature to the required shape. In building work, the cost of formwork is upto...
The earthquake resistant buildings are planned in the following ways: (i) Symmetry: The building as a whole or its individual blocks should be kept symmetrical about both axes. Asymmetry leads to torsion during earthquakes and is very dangerous; symmetry is also desirable in the arrangement and size of door and...
Difference between PERT and CPM : S.No. PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) CPM (Critical Path Method) 1. PERT is a project management technique, used to manage uncertain (i.e. time is unknown) activities of a project. CPM is that technique of project management which is used to manage only certain...
Location of Doors and Windows: (i) The number of doors should be kept to a minimum for each room, as a greater number will cause obstruction and reduce the utility of the accommodation. The location and size of the door should be based on functional requirements. (ii) The location of...
Causes of Water logging are: (i) Seepage of water through canals: Seepage of water through the bed and sides of adjacent canals, reservoirs, etc., which are higher than the affected land, results in a high water table. If the soil at the site of canals, reservoirs, etc. is highly permeable,...
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# Void ratio describes the relation between the free space between loose particles. # Porosity describes the void directly at the surface of a particle. Void ratio Voids ratio (e) of a given soil sample is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil solids in...
Soil is defined as a three-phase system consisting of solid, water and air which are intermixed with each other and whose relative proportion decides the property of soil. Three Phase Diagram of Soil Here, W = total weight of soil massWa = weight of airWw = weight of waterWs =...
