The modes of failure of gravity dam are:- OverTurning or Rotation about toe:- When the resultant force acting at any section if it passes outside the toe, the dam shall rotate or overturn about the toe. In other words, it means that if horizontal forces dominate over vertical forces the...
Important questions related to Environmental engineering The gases which are generally evolved during anaerobic decomposition of sewage are CO2+ NH3+ H2S + CH4 The deviation from the ideal flow of wastewater in the sedimentation tank causes short circuiting. It results in variation in the detention period in the top and...
Important Notes related to concrete technology: Segregation is the proper distribution of constituent materials of concrete i.e. the materials are showing the separation from each other(means binding property is not followed properly). Hence concrete having segregation property is weak in compressive strength, show poor quality concrete and reduction of desirable...
Duty of Crops (D) The amount of water(i.e. 1cumec of discharge) available for the crop for full growth during the entire base period is called duty. Suppose we are giving 5 cumecs of discharge for 500 hectares of land for a particular crop then Duty = 500/5 =100 hectares/cumec Here,...
Soil moisture tension(S.M.T) is the force per unit area required by plant to suck the water from the soil. It means that S.M.T is inversely proportional to water content in soil(more the water content less S.M.T required and vice versa) i.e. at field capacity it is easy for plant to...
Water from infiltration galleries-——————–aeration,coagulation,sedimentation and disinfection. Tube well water—————————————————-disinfection. Surfacewater(river or canal)—————–coagulation,flocculation,sedimentation,filtration and disinfection. Pond/Lakewater-—————————————– coagulation, CuSO4 treatment,sedimentation,filtration and disinfection. Blue Baby disease(methemoglobinemia) in children is caused by the presence of excess nitrates and is caused by decreased oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin in babies , resulting in oxygen deficiency...
Chains are made up of galvanized mild steel wire of 4mm diameter having number of links in series. The ends of links were bent like loop. The links were connected by three small circular rings. Brass handles were provided on each end of chain with a groove to hold an...
Rocks are classified on their mode of formation. Rock is made up of tiny particles strongly bonded together. Rock contain minerals and organic compounds. Types of rocks: Igneous rocks: Such rocks are formed due to cooling of hot molten lava. Their look is shiny and glossy. Examples: – Granite and...
Difference between Self Supporting Stacks and Guyed Stacks Stacks are known as chimneys so do not confuse. S.No. Self supporting stacks Guyed stacks 1. At the base they are supported on a flared portion In this stack is anchored by guyed wires joint to collar 2. A thick lining is...
The content provided in this article mainly asked in various examinations. We all know cement is made up of various constituents. But the main constituent responsible for initial setting of cement is tricalcium aluminate. As per IS specification, initial setting time should not be less than 30 minutes and final...
Equivalent Single Wheel Load(ESWL) To maintain the maximum wheel load distribution within a specified range and to carry the greater load it is very important to provide dual wheels at both the ends of the rear axles of commercial vehicles. Hence the loading effect of dual wheels is not twice...
Shape factor is the ratio of a plastic moment(Mp) to elastic moment(Me) OR we can say that it is the ratio of plastic section modulus(Zp) to elastic section modulus(Ze). Shape factor shows the extra strength or moment possessed by a section, that is the strength or moment beyond yield point....
As a Site Engineer or supervisor it’s important for carrying out the project in a good manner. S.NO. STRUCTURAL MEMBERS DURATION 1. Slabs( when props left under) 3 days Removal of props to slabs of spanning upto 4.5m 7 days Removal of props to slabs of spanning over 4.5m 14...
Difference between flexible and rigid pavement S.No. Flexible pavement Rigid pavement 1 Load transferred grain to grain. There is no such transfer took place. 2 Durability is less as compare to rigid. Durability is more as compare to flexible. 3 Road can be used within 24 hours. Road cannot be...
Prime Coat It is the first application of low viscosity liquid bituminous material over an existing porous surface like WBM base course. The main object of priming is to plug in the capillary voids of the porous surface using a low viscosity binding material. Mainly SC or MC cutbacks are...
