Cement grade and type:-Cement is one of the oldest adhesives used in development. Whether it’s buildings, bridges, subways, pipelines or skyscrapers, high-quality cement is essential for world-class infrastructure. Is there a set parameter that distinguishes high-quality cement from low-quality cement? You may have heard phrases such as grade 33 or...
Fly ash concrete:- In view of global warming, efforts are being made to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the environment. The cement industry is the main source of carbon dioxide emissions, as well as the main source of consuming large amounts of incoming resources in the cement production process. By...
The correct choice of building materials is important for all types of construction projects. Especially in buildings, if the materials are selected properly, it can make a huge difference in engineering costs, maintenance costs, durability, etc. Sound products are only possible with sound materials, so materials are the key to...
S.No. Nature of Work Mortar Type and Composition 1. Pointing work 1:1 to 1:2 cement sand mortar 2. Reinforced brickwork 1:3 cement sand mortar 3. Damp proof courses and cement concrete roads. 1:2 cement sand mortar 4. Thick joints in stone masonry. Hydraulic lime sand mortar (1:2 to 1:3) 5....
Defects in timber are normally caused by changing climatic conditions. Some important defects and diseases are : Star Shakes: These are radial splits which are starting from the bark, running in the planes of medullary rays, towards the center of the tree. These are caused due to rupture of tissues...
Timber is an old age building material. The term ‘timber’ means the wood of sufficient size, which is suitable for engineering construction purpose. It is used in building construction in various locations such as beams, trusses, rafter, floors, roofs, doors, windows, poles, staircases, poles, and columns. The word Timber means...
Corrugated Galvanized Iron sheets (used in factories and workshops) Asbestos cement sheets Thatch coverings (in sheds) Patent tiles (Mangalore tiles) Wood Shingles Half round Country tiles Asbestos cement tiles S.No. Galvanized Corrugated Iron sheets (GI) Asbestos cement sheets (AC) 1. GI sheets are not easily break and handling of these...
S.No. Collapsible door Revolving door 1. These doors did not close the opening automatically when not in use. These doors close the opening automatically when not in use. 2. These doors are not suitable for entrance in air conditioned building. These doors are suitable for entrance in air conditioned building....
Various types of admixtures: Super-plasticiser———————————————-sulphonated malanin formaldehyde {role of superplasticiser in a cement paste is to remove air bubbles, disperse the particles and retard setting.} Air entraining agent—————————————–neutralized vinsol resin {to increase the workability without increasing the strength and easily flowing,also added to improve frost resistance of concrete. } Accelerator—————————————————calcium...
Various field tests used to find the quality of bricks are: Uniformity in Size Uniformity in colour Hardness Soundness Strength test 1). Uniformity in size: The brick should be uniform in size and shape and should have rectangular plane surface with parallel sides and sharp straight right angled edges. The...
S.No. Stone Brick 1. They were having higher crushing strength upto 150 to 1000 kg/cm2 They were having lesser crushing strength than stones and upto 105 kg/cm2 2. Stones have less porosity. Bricks are more porous than stones. 3. Stones are heavy. Bricks are light in weight. 4. Stones are...
Foundations are broadly classified in two categories:- Shallow foundation Deep foundation (i) Shallow foundations: They are the foundations commonly used in building industry. These foundations are practicable up to the depth of 3 m to 4 m, and is generally convenient above the water table. As these foundations are construct...
Difference between Plastering and Pointing from the exam point of view. S.No. Plastering Pointing 1. It covers the surface of uneven exposed masonry with the help of plaster. It covers or sealed off only joints of the masonry. 2. It provide an even surface appearance throughout masonry. It does not...
Terrazzo Flooring Mosaic Flooring 1. It is the type of flooring in which marble chips are used with pozzolana dana. It consists of small pieces of marble or pozzolana dana arranged in different pattern with cement. 2. It is used in berandas, courtyards, galleries etc. It is used in rooms,...
The rocks formed due to solidification of molten mass laying below or above the earth surface, are called Aqueous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks Igneous rocks (correct) 2. The Sedimentary rocks are formed due to solidification of molten mass laying below or above the earth surface gradual deposition of materials...
