Compaction equipment refers to machinery used in construction and civil engineering projects to compress or compact different types of materials, such as soil, asphalt, concrete, and gravel. These machines are essential for achieving the desired density and stability of the ground or surface being worked on. There are various types...
The bearing capacity of soil refers to its ability to support the load applied to it without experiencing excessive settlement or failure. It is an essential consideration in civil engineering and construction projects, as it determines the maximum load that can be safely supported by the soil. Soil Types and...
# Void ratio describes the relation between the free space between loose particles. # Porosity describes the void directly at the surface of a particle. Void ratio Voids ratio (e) of a given soil sample is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil solids in...
Soil is defined as a three-phase system consisting of solid, water and air which are intermixed with each other and whose relative proportion decides the property of soil. Three Phase Diagram of Soil Here, W = total weight of soil massWa = weight of airWw = weight of waterWs =...
What is Grillage Foundation?Grillage foundations are made of one, two, or more levels of beams (usual steel) superimposed on a layer of concrete to distribute load across a large area. It is found at the bottom of the columns. These layers are concrete-encased and at right angles to one another....
Underpinning refers to the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundation of a structure. It is typically done when the existing foundation is unable to support the load of the structure or when the soil conditions have changed, causing settlement or movement. There are several methods of underpinning that can...
Pile load Testing in Soil Mechanics: Pile load test is generally used for determining the load carrying capacity of pile. The setup generally made of two anchor piles and an anchor girder or a reaction girder provided at their top. The test pile is provided between the anchors piles in...
Foundations are broadly classified in two categories:- Shallow foundation Deep foundation (i) Shallow foundations: They are the foundations commonly used in building industry. These foundations are practicable up to the depth of 3 m to 4 m, and is generally convenient above the water table. As these foundations are construct...
The soil transported by running water is called Aeolian soil Marine soil Alluvial soil (correct) Lacustrine soil 2. The soil transported by wind is called Aeolian soil (correct) Marine soil Alluvial soil Lacustrine soil 5. Lacustrine soils are those soils which are Deposited in sea water Deposited at the bottom...
If through investigation we found that the shallow soil is unstable and weak( means the bearing capacity of soil is not satisfactory) then pile foundation is considered. And also the pile foundation is cheaper than any other ground improvement cost. Piles are also give better results in jetties or bridge...
Least Count is the ratio of smallest value of one division on the main scale to number of divisions on vernier scale. Least Count for Dial Gauge = Smallest value of one division on the main scale (i.e. on small hand dial gauge)/ Total number of divisions on long hand...
S.No. Light Compaction Heavy Compaction 1. Also known as Standard Proctor test Also Known as Modified Proctor test 2. Number of blows per layer is 25 Number of blows per layer is 25 3. Number of layers is 3 Number of layers is 5 4. Weight of rammer is...
Under Reamed Pile These piles have one or more bulbs at its lower end. If the bulb is provided lower than the critical depth of moisture movement in expansive soils, the foundation will anchored to the ground and it would not move with the swelling and shrinkage of soil. They...
Quick Sand Condition Quicksand condition is a condition of flow in which vertical upward seepage flow causes floating condition of particles in cohesionless soils such as sands and fine gravels due to loss of shear strength in between particles. Quicksand is not a type of sand. Here the sand boiling...
Theories: New Mark— shows that influence chart for stress distribution in irregularly shaped areas. NewMark’s influence chart is based on the concept of the vertical stress below the centre of the circular area. Westergaard—shows stress distribution due to point load in an anisotropic medium. Westergaard assumed that an elastic soil...
