It is an instrument which is used mainly for accurate measurement of horizontal and vertical angles up to 10′ or 20′. Theodolite is used for following purposes: to measure horizontal angle and vertical angles. Theodolite is of two types: (1) Transit theodolite (2) Non-transit theodolite. (1) Transit Theodolite: In this...
The instruments required to carry out the plane table survey are as follows: • Plane table: It consists of board, 750×600 mm and about 25 mm thick. It is mounted on a tripod. • Alidade: This is the instrument, about 45 cm long which is used on the plane table...
Figure shows the sketch of a dumpy level. It is very simple, stable and easy to use. It consist of telescope, which is fixed with the supports and hence, it is not possible to rotate it about its own axis. A long bubble tube is attached to the top of...
S.No. Direct Method Indirect Method 1. In this method, the contours are directly located on the ground and the points of given contour are marked on the ground. In this method, levelling work is carried out in the field and location of contour points is done in the office. 2....
S.NO. Whole Circle Bearing(WCB) Reduced(Quadrantal) Bearing System 1. Bearings (angles) are taken towards the clockwise direction from magnetic north. Bearing are always taken from magnetic north or south whichever is nearer. 2. Bearings are always taken in a clockwise direction. Bearings are taken in clockwise or anticlockwise direction. 3. Bearings...
Fore Bearing (F.B) i) Fore bearing is the bearing of the line in the forward direction of surveying. ii) The formula used to calculate the fore bearing of the progressive line F.B = B.B ± 180° { + sign when B.B less than 180° and – sign when B.B more...
Chains are made up of galvanized mild steel wire of 4mm diameter having number of links in series. The ends of links were bent like loop. The links were connected by three small circular rings. Brass handles were provided on each end of chain with a groove to hold an...
Difference between Prismatic compass and Surveyor’s compass in simple language. Many questions were asked from these differences in Competitive exams like needle size in both the compasses, graduations in both compasses etc. First of all, keep both the compasses in front of you then one by one start matching these...
