S.No. Nature of Work Mortar Type and Composition 1. Pointing work 1:1 to 1:2 cement sand mortar 2. Reinforced brickwork 1:3 cement sand mortar 3. Damp proof courses and cement concrete roads. 1:2 cement sand mortar 4. Thick joints in stone masonry. Hydraulic lime sand mortar (1:2 to 1:3) 5....
Defects in timber are normally caused by changing climatic conditions. Some important defects and diseases are : Star Shakes: These are radial splits which are starting from the bark, running in the planes of medullary rays, towards the center of the tree. These are caused due to rupture of tissues...
Timber is an old age building material. The term ‘timber’ means the wood of sufficient size, which is suitable for engineering construction purpose. It is used in building construction in various locations such as beams, trusses, rafter, floors, roofs, doors, windows, poles, staircases, poles, and columns. The word Timber means...
